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Lots of other Scientologist-run services and companies belong to the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies the usage of Hubbard's management doctrines, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management speaks with to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999 - church of scientology perth address. Web ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This area needs growth. You can help by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or reputable individuals. Though it has achieved some reliability as a religious beliefs in numerous countries, Scientology has also been referred to as both a cult and a commercial business.

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For example, it has been noted to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Video game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, several Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of scams, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, harmful libel against lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" might be viewed as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s find out here now was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years trying to restore its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had at first demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was ranked as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified in a Bonuses web poll run by the presidential shift group getting public input for the incoming administration. define scientology.

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State Department has slammed Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as a company, and not as a faith or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent out to the US. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who try to use it in ways unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of specific aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later renamed the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and committed one of the largest penetration of United States federal agencies ever perpetrated by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal official website activity committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No person or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past made usage of aggressive methods in resolving those it views as attempting to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair video game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have actually been managed by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb risks in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.